In Memoriam: Robert Hawes Bartlett (8 May 1939 – 20 October 2025)

Abstract

Robert H. Bartlett (1939–2025) was an eminent American surgeon and scientist, widely recognized as the “Father of ECMO” (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). His clinical and research work brought revolutionary changes to intensive care and surgical practice, directly contributing to the survival of more than 100,000 patients worldwide. Beginning his efforts to improve membrane lungs in the early 1970s, Bartlett achieved the first successful clinical applications of ECMO in adults (1971) and in neonates (1975). In 1989 he founded the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO), which today unites over 750 centers in 66 countries. His research was continuously funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health for 54 years – a remarkable record in medical science. Beyond his scientific achievements, Dr. Bartlett was an outstanding mentor, humanist, and cultural figure. His legacy continues to shape standards of critical care and to inspire new generations of clinicians.