Results of the early and mid-term postoperative period after correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Published 2021-12-28
Keywords
- conventional repair,
- sutureless repair,
- total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2021 Plotnikov M.V., Gorbatykh Yu.N., Аrkhipov A.N., Galstyan M.G., Bogachev-Prokophiev A.V., Tarasov D.G., Soynov I.A.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
Aim. To compare complications and outcomes in the postoperative period with two different methods for correcting total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
Methods. In this pilot, two-centre, simple, blind, prospective randomised study, the patients’ quality of life after correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in infancy was evaluated using the sutureless (n = 20) and conventional repair methods (n = 20) in 40 patients. The overall mortality and complications in the mid-term were evaluated.
Results. The average follow-up was 15 (13; 16) months. Mortality was noted only in the conventional repair group, amounting to 5 (25%) patients (p = 0.018). Severe obstruction of the pulmonary veins anastomosis was also noted only in the conventional repair group (n = 8, 40%; p = 0.0013). Infectious endocarditis was observed in one (6.6%) patient in the conventional repair group (p = 0.42). Arrhythmias were present in 4 (26.6%) patients in the conventional repair group (p = 0.02).
Conclusion. The rates of obstruction of the pulmonary vein anastomosis, arrhythmias and death depend on the method of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection correction. The sutureless repair reduces the incidence of early and mid-term postoperative complications compared to conventional repair.
Received 16 March 2021. Revised 8 June 2021. Accepted 11 June 2021.
Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Contribution of the authors
Conception and study design: Yu.N. Gorbatykh, A.V. Bogachev-Prokophiev, M.V. Plotnikov
Data collection and analysis: M.V. Plotnikov, M.G. Galstyan, D.G. Tarasov
Statistical analysis: M.V. Plotnikov
Drafting the article: M.V. Plotnikov, Yu.N. Gorbatykh
Critical revision of the article: I.A. Soynov
Final approval of the version to be published: M.V. Plotnikov, Yu.N. Gorbatykh, A.N. Аrkhipov, M.G. Galstyan, A.V. Bogachev-Prokophiev, D.G. Tarasov, I.A. Soynov
References
- Seale A.N., Uemura H., Webber S.A., Partridge J., Roughton M., Ho S.Y., McCarthy K.P., Jones S., Shaughnessy L., Sunnegardh J., Hanseus K., Berggren H., Johansson S., Rigby M.L., Keeton B.R., Daubeney P.E.; British Congenital Cardiac Association. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: outcome of postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;145(5):1255-1262. PMID: 22892140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.06.031
- Shi G., Zhu Z., Chen J., Ou Y., Hong H., Nie Z., Zhang H., Liu X., Zheng J., Sun Q., Liu J., Chen H., Zhuang J. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: The current management strategies in a pediatric cohort of 768 patients. Circulation. 2017;135(1):48-58. PMID: 27881562. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023889
- Lo Rito M., Gazzaz T., Wilder T., Saedi A., Chetan D., Van Arsdell G.S., Caldarone C.A., Yoo Sh.-J., Honjo O. Repair type influences mode of pulmonary vein stenosis in total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015;100(2):654-662. PMID: 26138763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.04.121
- Shumacker H.B. Jr., King H. A modified procedure for complete repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1961;112:763-765.
- Kelle A.M., Backer C.L., Gossett J.G., Kaushal S., Mavroudis C. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: results of surgical repair of 100 patients at a single institution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010;139(6):1387-1394.e3. PMID: 20392458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.02.024
- Lacour-Gayet F. Surgery for pulmonary venous obstruction after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 2006;45‐50. PMID: 16638547. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.pcsu.2006.02.010
- Matsuhisa H., Oshima Y., Maruo A., Hasegawa T., Tanaka A., Noda R. Primary sutureless repair and anterior translocation of the atrial septum for cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;95(2):729-730. PMID: 23336897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.09.080
- Yanagawa B., Alghamdi A.A., Dragulescu A., Viola N., Al-Radi O.O., Mertens L.L., Coles J.G., Caldarone C.A., Van Arsdell G.S. Primary sutureless repair for "simple" total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: midterm results in a single institution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;141(6):1346-1354. PMID: 21457999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.10.056
- Lacour-Gayet F., Zoghbi J., Serraf A.E., Belli E., Piot D., Rey C., Marçon F., Bruniaux J., Planché C. Surgical management of progressive pulmonary venous obstruction after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;117(4):679‐687. PMID: 10096962. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70287-4
- Wu Y., Wu Zh., Zheng J., Li Y., Zhou Y., Kuang H., Jin X., Wu Ch. Sutureless technique versus conventional surgery in the primary treatment of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2018;13(1):69. PMID: 29907127; PMCID: PMC6003069. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-018-0756-z
- Yoshimura N., Fukahara K., Yamashita A., Doi T., Takeuchi K., Yamashita Sh., Homma T., Yokoyama Sh., Aoki M., Ikeno Y. Surgery for total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: primary sutureless repair vs. conventional repair. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017;65(5):245-251. PMID: 28332089. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11748-017-0769-x
- Yun T.-J., Coles J.G., Konstantinov I.E., Al-Radi O.O., Wald R.M., Guerra V., de Oliveira N.C., Van Arsdell G.S., Williams W.G., Smallhorn J., Caldarone C.A. Conventional and sutureless techniques for management of the pulmonary veins: Evolution of indications from postrepair pulmonary vein stenosis to primary pulmonary vein anomalies. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;129(1):167-174. PMID: 15632839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.08.043
- Lang R.M., Bierig M., Devereux R.B., Flachskampf F.A., Foster E., Pellikka P.A., Picard M.H., Roman M.J., Seward J., Shanewise J.S., Solomon S.D., Spencer K.T., Sutton M.S., Stewart W.J.; Chamber Quantification Writing Group; American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee; European Association of Echocardiography. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18(12):1440-1463. PMID: 16376782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2005.10.005
- Craig J.M., Darling R.C., Rothney W.B. Total pulmonary venous drainage into the right side of the heart; report of 17 autopsied cases not associated with other major cardiovascular anomalies. Lab Invest. 1957;6(1):44-64. PMID: 13386206.
- Ross R.D., Daniels S.R., Schwartz D.C., Hannon D.W., Shukla R., Kaplan S. Plasma norepinephrine levels in infants and children with congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59(8):911‐914. PMID: 3825955. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(87)91118-0
- Behrendt D.M., Aberdeen E., Waterson D.J., Bonham-Carter R.E. Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in infants. I. Clinical and hemodynamic findings, methods, and results of operation in 37 cases. Circulation. 1972;46(2):347-356. PMID: 5046028. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.46.2.347
- Honjo O., Atlin C.R., Hamilton B.C.S., Al-Radi O., Viola N., Coles J.G., Van Arsdell G.S., Caldarone C.A. Primary sutureless repair for infants with mixed total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010;90(3):862-868. PMID: 20732509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.05.007
- Gao X.M., Nie Z.Q., Ou Y.Q., He B.C., Yuan H.Y., Qu Y.J. Comparison between two surgical techniques to repair total anomalous pulmonary venous connection using propensity score analysis. J Sun Yat-Sen Univ. 2017;38(1):143-150.
- Tanel R.E., Kirshbom P.M., Paridon S.M., Hartman D.M., Burnham N.B., McBride M.G., Ittenbach R.F., Spray T.L., Gaynor J.W. Long-term noninvasive arrhythmia assessment after total anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair. Am. Heart J. 2007;153(2):267-274. PMID: 17239688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2006.11.003
- Bhan A., Umre M.A., Choudhary S.K., Saxena A., Sharma R., Airan B., Kothari S.S., Juneja R., Venugopal P. Cardiac arrhythmias in surgically repaired total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: a follow-up study. Indian Heart J. 2000;52(4):427-430. PMID: 11084784.
- Korbmacher B., Büttgen S., Schulte H.D., Hoffmann M., Krogmann O.N., Rammos S., Gams E. Long‐term results after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;49(2):101-106. PMID: 11339445. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-11706
- Mueller C., Dave H., Prêtre R. Primary correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous return with a modified sutureless technique. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;43(3):635-640. PMID: 22761490. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezs376
- Cui H., Chen X., Ma L., Xia Y., Yang Sh., Zou M., Chen W. Surgical treatment of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection under 6 months of age. Chin J Surg. 2016;54(4):276-280. PMID: 27029202. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2016.04.007
